.TH IP6TABLES 8 "Mar 09, 2002" "" "" .\" .\" Man page written by Andras Kis-Szabo .\" It is based on iptables man page. .\" .\" iptables page by Herve Eychenne .\" It is based on ipchains man page. .\" .\" ipchains page by Paul ``Rusty'' Russell March 1997 .\" Based on the original ipfwadm man page by Jos Vos .\" .\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or .\" (at your option) any later version. .\" .\" This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License .\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software .\" Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .\" .\" .SH NAME ip6tables \- IPv6 packet filter administration .SH SYNOPSIS .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -[AD] " "chain rule-specification [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -I " "chain [rulenum] rule-specification [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -R " "chain rulenum rule-specification [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -D " "chain rulenum [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -[LFZ] " "[chain] [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -N " "chain" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -X " "[chain]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -P " "chain target [options]" .br .BR "ip6tables [-t table] -E " "old-chain-name new-chain-name" .SH DESCRIPTION .B Ip6tables is used to set up, maintain, and inspect the tables of IPv6 packet filter rules in the Linux kernel. Several different tables may be defined. Each table contains a number of built-in chains and may also contain user-defined chains. Each chain is a list of rules which can match a set of packets. Each rule specifies what to do with a packet that matches. This is called a `target', which may be a jump to a user-defined chain in the same table. .SH TARGETS A firewall rule specifies criteria for a packet, and a target. If the packet does not match, the next rule in the chain is the examined; if it does match, then the next rule is specified by the value of the target, which can be the name of a user-defined chain or one of the special values .IR ACCEPT , .IR DROP , .IR QUEUE , or .IR RETURN . .PP .I ACCEPT means to let the packet through. .I DROP means to drop the packet on the floor. .I QUEUE means to pass the packet to userspace (if supported by the kernel). .I RETURN means stop traversing this chain and resume at the next rule in the previous (calling) chain. If the end of a built-in chain is reached or a rule in a built-in chain with target .I RETURN is matched, the target specified by the chain policy determines the fate of the packet. .SH TABLES There are currently two independent tables (which tables are present at any time depends on the kernel configuration options and which modules are present), as nat table has not been implemented yet. .TP .BI "-t, --table " "table" This option specifies the packet matching table which the command should operate on. If the kernel is configured with automatic module loading, an attempt will be made to load the appropriate module for that table if it is not already there. The tables are as follows: .RS .TP .4i .BR "filter" : This is the default table (if no -t option is passed). It contains the built-in chains .B INPUT (for packets coming into the box itself), .B FORWARD (for packets being routed through the box), and .B OUTPUT (for locally-generated packets). .TP .BR "mangle" : This table is used for specialized packet alteration. Until kernel 2.4.17 it had two built-in chains: .B PREROUTING (for altering incoming packets before routing) and .B OUTPUT (for altering locally-generated packets before routing). Since kernel 2.4.18, three other built-in chains are also supported: .B INPUT (for packets coming into the box itself), .B FORWARD (for altering packets being routed through the box), and .B POSTROUTING (for altering packets as they are about to go out). .RE .SH OPTIONS The options that are recognized by .B ip6tables can be divided into several different groups. .SS COMMANDS These options specify the specific action to perform. Only one of them can be specified on the command line unless otherwise specified below. For all the long versions of the command and option names, you need to use only enough letters to ensure that .B ip6tables can differentiate it from all other options. .TP .BI "-A, --append " "chain rule-specification" Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain. When the source and/or destination names resolve to more than one address, a rule will be added for each possible address combination. .TP .BI "-D, --delete " "chain rule-specification" .ns .TP .BI "-D, --delete " "chain rulenum" Delete one or more rules from the selected chain. There are two versions of this command: the rule can be specified as a number in the chain (starting at 1 for the first rule) or a rule to match. .TP .B "-I, --insert" Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number. So, if the rule number is 1, the rule or rules are inserted at the head of the chain. This is also the default if no rule number is specified. .TP .BI "-R, --replace " "chain rulenum rule-specification" Replace a rule in the selected chain. If the source and/or destination names resolve to multiple addresses, the command will fail. Rules are numbered starting at 1. .TP .BR "-L, --list " "[\fIchain\fP]" List all rules in the selected chain. If no chain is selected, all chains are listed. As every other iptables command, it applies to the specified table (filter is the default), so mangle rules get listed by .nf ip6tables -t mangle -n -L .fi Please note that it is often used with the .B -n option, in order to avoid long reverse DNS lookups. It is legal to specify the .B -Z (zero) option as well, in which case the chain(s) will be atomically listed and zeroed. The exact output is affected by the other arguments given. The exact rules are suppressed until you use .nf ip6tables -L -v .fi .TP .BR "-F, --flush " "[\fIchain\fP]" Flush the selected chain (all the chains in the table if none is given). This is equivalent to deleting all the rules one by one. .TP .BR "-Z, --zero " "[\fIchain\fP]" Zero the packet and byte counters in all chains. It is legal to specify the .B "-L, --list" (list) option as well, to see the counters immediately before they are cleared. (See above.) .TP .BI "-N, --new-chain " "chain" Create a new user-defined chain by the given name. There must be no target of that name already. .TP .BR "-X, --delete-chain " "[\fIchain\fP]" Delete the optional user-defined chain specified. There must be no references to the chain. If there are, you must delete or replace the referring rules before the chain can be deleted. If no argument is given, it will attempt to delete every non-builtin chain in the table. .TP .BI "-P, --policy " "chain target" Set the policy for the chain to the given target. See the section .B TARGETS for the legal targets. Only built-in (non-user-defined) chains can have policies, and neither built-in nor user-defined chains can be policy targets. .TP .BI "-E, --rename-chain " "old-chain new-chain" Rename the user specified chain to the user supplied name. This is cosmetic, and has no effect on the structure of the table. .TP .B -h Help. Give a (currently very brief) description of the command syntax. .SS PARAMETERS The following parameters make up a rule specification (as used in the add, delete, insert, replace and append commands). .TP .BR "-p, --protocol " "[!] \fIprotocol\fP" The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check. The specified protocol can be one of .IR tcp , .IR udp , .IR ipv6-icmp|icmpv6 , or .IR all , or it can be a numeric value, representing one of these protocols or a different one. A protocol name from /etc/protocols is also allowed. A "!" argument before the protocol inverts the test. The number zero is equivalent to .IR all . Protocol .I all will match with all protocols and is taken as default when this option is omitted. .TP .BR "-s, --source " "[!] \fIaddress\fP[/\fImask\fP]" Source specification. .I Address can be either a hostname (please note that specifying any name to be resolved with a remote query such as DNS is a really bad idea), a network IPv6 address (with /mask), or a plain IPv6 address. (the network name isn't supported now). The .I mask can be either a network mask or a plain number, specifying the number of 1's at the left side of the network mask. Thus, a mask of .I 64 is equivalent to .IR ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000 . A "!" argument before the address specification inverts the sense of the address. The flag .B --src is an alias for this option. .TP .BR "-d, --destination " "[!] \fIaddress\fP[/\fImask\fP]" Destination specification. See the description of the .B -s (source) flag for a detailed description of the syntax. The flag .B --dst is an alias for this option. .TP .BI "-j, --jump " "target" This specifies the target of the rule; i.e., what to do if the packet matches it. The target can be a user-defined chain (other than the one this rule is in), one of the special builtin targets which decide the fate of the packet immediately, or an extension (see .B EXTENSIONS below). If this option is omitted in a rule, then matching the rule will have no effect on the packet's fate, but the counters on the rule will be incremented. .TP .BR "-i, --in-interface " "[!] \fIname\fP" Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be received (only for packets entering the .BR INPUT , .B FORWARD and .B PREROUTING chains). When the "!" argument is used before the interface name, the sense is inverted. If the interface name ends in a "+", then any interface which begins with this name will match. If this option is omitted, any interface name will match. .TP .BR "-o, --out-interface " "[!] \fIname\fP" Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent (for packets entering the .BR FORWARD and .B OUTPUT chains). When the "!" argument is used before the interface name, the sense is inverted. If the interface name ends in a "+", then any interface which begins with this name will match. If this option is omitted, any interface name will match. .TP .\" Currently not supported (header-based) .\" .\" .B "[!] " "-f, --fragment" .\" This means that the rule only refers to second and further fragments .\" of fragmented packets. Since there is no way to tell the source or .\" destination ports of such a packet (or ICMP type), such a packet will .\" not match any rules which specify them. When the "!" argument .\" precedes the "-f" flag, the rule will only match head fragments, or .\" unfragmented packets. .\" .TP .B "-c, --set-counters " "PKTS BYTES" This enables the administrator to initialize the packet and byte counters of a rule (during .B INSERT, .B APPEND, .B REPLACE operations). .SS "OTHER OPTIONS" The following additional options can be specified: .TP .B "-v, --verbose" Verbose output. This option makes the list command show the interface name, the rule options (if any), and the TOS masks. The packet and byte counters are also listed, with the suffix 'K', 'M' or 'G' for 1000, 1,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 multipliers respectively (but see the .B -x flag to change this). For appending, insertion, deletion and replacement, this causes detailed information on the rule or rules to be printed. .TP .B "-n, --numeric" Numeric output. IP addresses and port numbers will be printed in numeric format. By default, the program will try to display them as host names, network names, or services (whenever applicable). .TP .B "-x, --exact" Expand numbers. Display the exact value of the packet and byte counters, instead of only the rounded number in K's (multiples of 1000) M's (multiples of 1000K) or G's (multiples of 1000M). This option is only relevant for the .B -L command. .TP .B "--line-numbers" When listing rules, add line numbers to the beginning of each rule, corresponding to that rule's position in the chain. .TP .B "--modprobe=command" When adding or inserting rules into a chain, use .B command to load any necessary modules (targets, match extensions, etc). .SH MATCH EXTENSIONS ip6tables can use extended packet matching modules. These are loaded in two ways: implicitly, when .B -p or .B --protocol is specified, or with the .B -m or .B --match options, followed by the matching module name; after these, various extra command line options become available, depending on the specific module. You can specify multiple extended match modules in one line, and you can use the .B -h or .B --help options after the module has been specified to receive help specific to that module. The following are included in the base package, and most of these can be preceded by a .B ! to invert the sense of the match. .\" @MATCH@ .SH TARGET EXTENSIONS ip6tables can use extended target modules: the following are included in the standard distribution. .\" @TARGET@ .SH DIAGNOSTICS Various error messages are printed to standard error. The exit code is 0 for correct functioning. Errors which appear to be caused by invalid or abused command line parameters cause an exit code of 2, and other errors cause an exit code of 1. .SH BUGS Bugs? What's this? ;-) Well... the counters are not reliable on sparc64. .SH COMPATIBILITY WITH IPCHAINS This .B ip6tables is very similar to ipchains by Rusty Russell. The main difference is that the chains .B INPUT and .B OUTPUT are only traversed for packets coming into the local host and originating from the local host respectively. Hence every packet only passes through one of the three chains (except loopback traffic, which involves both INPUT and OUTPUT chains); previously a forwarded packet would pass through all three. .PP The other main difference is that .B -i refers to the input interface; .B -o refers to the output interface, and both are available for packets entering the .B FORWARD chain. .\" .PP The various forms of NAT have been separated out; .\" .B iptables .\" is a pure packet filter when using the default `filter' table, with .\" optional extension modules. This should simplify much of the previous .\" confusion over the combination of IP masquerading and packet filtering .\" seen previously. So the following options are handled differently: .\" .br .\" -j MASQ .\" .br .\" -M -S .\" .br .\" -M -L .\" .br There are several other changes in ip6tables. .SH SEE ALSO .BR ip6tables-save (8), .BR ip6tables-restore(8), .BR iptables (8), .BR iptables-save (8), .BR iptables-restore (8). .P The packet-filtering-HOWTO details iptables usage for packet filtering, the NAT-HOWTO details NAT, the netfilter-extensions-HOWTO details the extensions that are not in the standard distribution, and the netfilter-hacking-HOWTO details the netfilter internals. .br See .BR "http://www.netfilter.org/" . .SH AUTHORS Rusty Russell wrote iptables, in early consultation with Michael Neuling. .PP Marc Boucher made Rusty abandon ipnatctl by lobbying for a generic packet selection framework in iptables, then wrote the mangle table, the owner match, the mark stuff, and ran around doing cool stuff everywhere. .PP James Morris wrote the TOS target, and tos match. .PP Jozsef Kadlecsik wrote the REJECT target. .PP Harald Welte wrote the ULOG target, TTL match+target and libipulog. .PP The Netfilter Core Team is: Marc Boucher, Martin Josefsson, Jozsef Kadlecsik, James Morris, Harald Welte and Rusty Russell. .PP ip6tables man page created by Andras Kis-Szabo, based on iptables man page written by Herve Eychenne . .\" .. and did I mention that we are incredibly cool people? .\" .. sexy, too .. .\" .. witty, charming, powerful .. .\" .. and most of all, modest ..